Showing posts with label ENGLISH. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ENGLISH. Show all posts

Monday, 14 May 2012

ENGLISH PRACTICE TEST-8 FOR SBI AND IBPS BANK EXAM

Directions: In each of the following questions, choose the alternative which best
Expresses the meaning of the word FOR in the sentence.

1. Vanity is often noticeable in a great leader.
(a) Desirable
(b) Admirable
(c) Remarkable
(d) Visible


2. It was pure fabrication with an eye for a sensation.
(a) Observation
(b) Wish
(c) Desire
(d) Aim


3. Public opinion will pillory these agents of crime.
(a) Scorn
(b) Sub serves
(c) Recall
(d) Declare


4. His adulatory remarks surprised us.
(a) Discreet
(b) Insulting
(c) Appreciate
(d) Funny


5. The rapacious plunderers did not spare even the people living in the slums.
(a) Warlike
(b) Barbarous
(c) Avaricious
(d) Nomadic


6. Indian economy has always shown enough resilience in crisis
(a) Diversity
(b) Strength
(c) Elasticity
(d) Adjustment


7. Long illness has macerated his body. So much so that he is reduced to flesh and bones.
(a) Affected
(b) Eaten into
(c) Devastated
(d) Wasted away


8. We walked down a precipitous slope.
(a) Precarious
(b) Steep
(c) Precise
(d) Gradual


9. Some of the members of the Board indulged in highly scurrilous talk at the meeting.
(a) Irrelevant
(b) Superfluous
(c) Abusive
(d) Objectionable


10. Decay is an immutable factor of human life.
(a) Important
(b) Unique
(c) Unchangeable
(d) Awful


11. The cordial talks between the two foreign ministers cover the entire
gamut of their relations.
(a) Territory
(b) Range
(c) Sphere
(d) Scope


12. We heard him asseverate his good intentions but his actions belied his words.
(a) Affirm
(b) Incite
(c) Defy
(d) Cancel


13. The medicine was aperients.
(a) Bitter
(b) Sweet
(c) Giddy
(d) Laxative


14. There must be lively discussion of Indian authors if we are to foster our national literature.
(a) Promote
(b) Cherish
(c) Nourish
(d) Nurture


15. The problem of unemployment is emasculating our youth from making concrete innovations.
(a) Hindering
(b) Pressurizing
(c) Encouraging
(d) Making weak


16. The speech was filled with rigmarole.
(a) Nonsense
(b) Details
(c) Quotes
(d) Examples


17. The boy gave a vivid description of gall that happened.
(a) Brilliant
(b) Fresh
(c) Explanatory
(d) Picturesque


18. He was the most disputatious student I ever had.
(a) Scandalous
(b) Argumentative
(c) Uncertain
(d) Opinionated


19. Most of the staff is restive under the new managers rule.
(a) Relaxed
(b) Friendly
(c) Uneasy
(d) Obstinate
(e) Discontented


20. They knew by his sophomoric remarks that he was still knave in the field.
(a) Casual
(b) Unpalatable
(c) Immature
(d) Ignorant


21. His impertinence and his salacious remarks spoke voliably of his degradation
(a) Rude
(b) Indecent
(c) Distraught
(d) Poor


22. They all shunned him because he was a lecherous man always looking for an
Opportunity to cheat others.
(a) Cunning
(b) Deceptive
(c) Lustful
(d) Dishonest


23. After the severe riots, the police continued the curfew lest there was
no recrudescence of disorder.
(a) New outburst
(b) Spread
(c) Exaggeration
(d) Aggravation



24. The army has laid out an entire web of secret agents to detect the surreptitious
activities of the enemy.
(a) Hostile
(b) Secret
(c) Intriguing
(d) Foppish


ENGLISH PRACTICE TEST-7 FOR BANK EXAM

Directions: In each of the following questions, choose the word opposite in
meaning to the given word.

1. CULPABLE
(a) Irresponsible
(b) Careless
(c) Blameless
(d) Defendable


2. DENOUNCE
(a) Defend
(b) Gather
(c) Fight
(d) Rally


3. TACIT
(a) Order
(b) Written
(c) Oral
(d) Understanding


4. WRATH
(a) Solace
(b) Peace
(c) Delight
(d) Choler


5. COVERT
(a) Clandestine
(b) Open
(c) Virtuous
(d) Wide


6. CAPACIOUS
(a) Changeable
(b) Foolish
(c) Caring
(d) Limited


7. VINDICATE
(a) Exonerate
(b) Condemn
(c) Defend
(d) Excuse


8. GLIB
(a) Unwilling
(b) Dumb
(c) Modest
(d) Halting


9. LEAP
(a) Plunge
(b) Sink
(c) Immerge
(d) Fall


10. POLEMIC
(a) Cooperation
(b) Amity
(c) Friendship
(d) Agreement


11. EDACICUS
(a) Smart
(b) Gluttonous
(c) Fasting
(d) Even


12. ADVANCE
(a) Retreat
(b) Restrain
(c) Withhold
(d) Defend

13. ALIEN
(a) Resident
(b) Natural
(c) Domiciled
(d) Native


14. NUGATGRY
(a) Voluptuous
(b) Slender
(c) Valuable
(d) Worthless


15. EVIDENT
(a) Suspected
(b) Disagreed
(c) Doubtful
(d) Unimportant


16. ESTABLISH
(a) Disrupt
(b) Uproot
(c) Corrode
(d) Negate


17. COURSE
(a) Beautiful
(b) Soft
(c) Fine
(d) Attractive


18. EVOLVING
(a) Retreating
(b) Stifling
(c) Stagnating
(d) Suffering


19. PRESUMPTION
(a) Resumption
(b) Proposition
(c) Humility
(d) Assumption


20. KOOK
(a) Illiterate
(b) Sane
(c) Peculiar
(d) Foolish


21. SUBJUGATE
(a) Enrich
(b) Liberate
(c) Enslave
(d) Free


22. CONCEALMENT
(a) Identification
(b) Broadness
(c) Evidence
(d) Indication


23. ARROGANT
(a) Proud
(b) Meek
(c) Insolent
(d) Rude


24. CO-OPERATION
(a) Rebellion
(b) Resistance
(c) Hindrance
(d) Opposition

ENGLISH PRACTICE TEST-6 FOR BANK EXAM

Directions: Pick out the most effective word from the given words to fill in the blanks to make the sentence meaningfully complete

1. Everyone of us should endeavor to........the miseries of the poor.
(a) Diffuse
(b) Mitigate
(c) Condemn
(d) Suppress
(e) Acknowledge


2. These medicines are........for curing cold.
(a) Proper
(b) Real
(c) Effective
(d) Capable
(e) Powerful


3. Since she is a teacher of language, one would not expect her to be guilty of a.......
(a) Aberration
(b) Solecism
(c) Schism
(d) Bombast
(e) Stanchion


4. I will write a letter to you tentatively the dates of the programme.
(a) Involving
(b) Urging
(c) Guiding
(d) Indicating
(e) Propagating


5. Contemporary economic development differs........from the Industrial
Revolution of the 19th century.
(a) Naturally
(b) Usually
(c) Literally
(d) Specially
(e) Markedly


6. The word gharana points to the........concepts of stylistic individuality and
handing down of tradition within family confines.
(a) Joint
(b) Conflicting
(c) Dual
(d) Contradictory
(e) Extraordinary


7. It was the help he got from his friends which.......him through the tragedy.
(a) Helped
(b) Boosted
(c) Perked
(d) Supported
(e) Sustained


8. The criminals managed to escape from the prison even though two armed
policemen were........vigil over them.
(a) Taking
(b) Putting
(c) Guarding
(c) Keeping
(e) Looking


9. The speaker did not properly use the time as he went on........on one point Alone.
(a) Dilating
(b) Devoting
(c) Deliberating
(d) Diliting
(e) Distributing


10. The final electoral rolls have been intensively revised through house to house........
(a) Investigation
(b) Enunciation
(c) Enumeration
(d) Documentation
(e) Categorization


11. The unruly behavior of the students their teacher.
(a) Tempered
(b) Incensed
(c) Aggrieved
(d) Clashed
(e) Impeached


12. Even in today’s modern society, people…..god to bring rains.
(a) Provoke
(b) Evoke
(c) Appeal
(d) Propitiate
(e) Superimpose


13. The good is often........with their bones.
(a) Buried
(b) Covered
(c) Exhumed
(d) Interred
(e) Fleshed


14. He knew that social evils were only........of deeper maladies.
(a) Cause
(b) Indications
(c) Part
(d) Consequences
(e) Manifestations


15. The judge complimented the young witness for standing up to
the........cross examination.
(a) Terrible
(b) Tedious
(c) Arduous
(d) Lengthy
(e) Grueling


16. With the growing........in the country the Government is gearing itself to
quell the rebellion.
(a) Disturbances
(b) Tension
(c) Unrest
(d) Insurgency
(e) Coup


17. Sachin was to reach that afternoon but was up at Delhi for some personal-work.
(a) Kept
(b) Held
(c) Delayed
(d) Stayed
(e) Detained


18. He........his shoes till they shone.
(a) Brushed
(b) Scrubbed
(c) Shined
(d) Polished
(e) Wiped


19. The poor ones continue to........out a living inspite of economic liberalization
in that country.
(a) Find
(b) Go
(c) Eke
(d) Bring
(e) Manage


20. He should be dismissed for his........remarks about his superiors.
(a) Critical
(b) Depreciatory
(c) Scurrilous
(d) Laudatory
(e) Impeccable


21. After discussing the matter for about an hour, the committee........without having
reached any decision.
(a) Dispersed
(b) Dissolved
(c) Postponed
(d) Withdrew
(e) Adjourned



22. The Government is certain to......the publication of any details of this
fraudulent research.
(a) Retain
(b) Restrict
(c) Delay
(d) Prohibit
(e) Conceal


23. The security for the Ministers has been up following the attack at a public
meeting last evening.
(a) Steered
(b) Geared
(c) Speeded
(d) Bloated
(e) Beefed


24. General awareness and education facilitate the........of specific skills.
(a) Creation
(b) Requirement
(c) Acquisition
(d) Procurement
(e) Organization


25. A number of advances in medicine would have been........sooner if tree enquiry
had been common and orthodox thinking habits had been rare.
(a) Persisted
(b) Inducted
(c) Secured
(d) Achieved
(e) Propagated


Sunday, 1 April 2012

ENGLISH PRACTICE TEST-5 FOR IBPS BANK EXAM


Read each sentence to find if there is any grammatical error in it. If there
is any error, it will be only one part of the sentence. The number or alphabet
of that part is your answer.

( Disregard punctuation errors if any)
1 I shall / ring him / tommorow / in the afternoon.
    A           B                C                 D

2. I enjoyed / during my / stay in / England.
         A               B                 C          D

3.The clothes / were neatly / hanged /on the cloth line.

           A                B                  C            D

4.The major / along with / his soldiers / were killed in the field/.
        A            B                     C                       D

5.The firm show / began / when we arrived / in the hall.
        A                    B              C                       D

6. 6.I believe / that respect / is more preferable than / money.
         A                B                            C                             D

7. I never have / visited / or intend to visit / foreign countries /
         A                  B              C                            D

8.In this way nuclear fission / or the splitting / of the atom / have been achieved 
       A                                            B                     C                   D

9.Modern film techniques / are far superior / than that / employed in the past /
           A                                 B                          C                        D

10. No sooner the news appeared in the paper/ than / there was a rush / in the counter/
                             A                                          B                    C                    D
Answers and Explanation
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. A

1. ' Ring him up' in palce of ' ring him '. Ring up is the correct idiom.

2. ' I enjoyed myself' in place of ' I enjoyed' . Some verbs take reflexive pronouns after them.

3. 'Hung' in place of ' hanged' .' Hanged' is used for living beings an ung is used for other objects.

4. was killed in place of were killed.

5. had begun in place of hegan

6. 'preferable to ' in place of 'more preferable than' . ' preferable ' is word indicating a comparative sense and thus is more superflous. Secondly ' prefer ' is followed by 'to'.

7. ' nor' in place of 'or' . Nor is used after neither.

8. ' Has been ' in place of ' have been ' . when two subjects are joned
by 'or' . It is treated as singular.

9. ' To those ' in place of ' than that' , superioris followed by 'to' .
Techniques is a plural subject and thus the pronoun for it must be plural . Thus ' those' in place of 'that'

10. ' No sooner had the news appeared' in place of ' No sooner the news
appeared'. 'No sooner' is used in 2 forms

Saturday, 24 March 2012

Ibps po Exam : English Preparation Tips ( weightage )

Test of English (Objective )

1.Correction of sentences -10 marks
2.vocabulary                    - 10 marks
3.Passage                        - 10 marks
4.Paragraph jumbles        - 5    marks
5.Idioms                           - 5   marks
6.Comprehension            - 10 marks
                                 ---------------
Total :                               50 marks
                               ----------------
Lets Concentrate above subjects ..and practice will good in Results.
Need To Learn Everyday 10-15 new words vocabulary  is best to increase knowledge in English with Grametically....Write Down New words vocabulary  in a note book  its useful to memorize Easily.


All The Best

Monday, 19 March 2012

ENGLISH PRACTICE TEST - 3 ( PREVIOUS SBI PAPER)

Directions—(Q. 1–10) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions. There was a girl who sang beautifully at the temple every morning. The music master used to happily
recall, “One day when I went into the woods to pluck flowers, I found this baby under a pipal tree.” He picked her up carefully, raised her lovingly as if she was his daughter and taught her to sing before she spoke her first word.
The music master grew old and didn't see too well. The girl tended to him caringly. Many people including young men travelled from far and wide to hear her sing. This made the music master's heart quake with fear. “You will choose one of them as your husband. What is to become of me ?” The girl replied, “I shall not be apart from you.” But on a full moon night during the harvest festival, the master's chief disciple touched his feet reverently and said, “Master grant me your permission for your daughter has agreed to marry me.” The master's tears flowed freely, “She has chosen well. Go and fetch her, let me hear you sing the first of many melodies that you will sing together.” The two began to sing
in harmony. But the song was interrupted by the arrival of the royal messenger. “Your daughter is very fortunate-the king has sent for her,” the messenger said. At the palace the Queen summoned the girl to her and said, ”I place upon you the honour of making sure my daughter is never unhappy at her husband's home.” There wasn't a single tear in the girl's eyes but she thought of the master and her
heart was heavy. That very night the princess began her journey to Kambhoj. The princess's royal chariot led the procession and the girl's palanquin followed close behind carrying trunks of silks, jewellry and precious stones. It was covered with a velvet sheet and had soldiers on both sides. As the procession passed, the
master and his disciple Kumarsen stood still by the wayside. A collective sigh escaped the crowd gathered there wishing that the princess wouldn't feel homesick in her faraway home.
1. Which of the following can be said about the girl ?
(1) She was brought up by her father as her mother had died when she was a baby.
(2) She was a talented singer who had learnt to sing at an early age.
(3) She was only allowed to sing with the master's permission.
(A) Only (1)
(B) Both (1) and (2)
(C) Only (2)
(D) All (1), (2) and (3)
(E) None of these


2. What was the girl's reaction to leaving home ?
(A) She was honoured to be serving the princess
(B) Sadness at leaving the master.
(C) She entrusted the task of looking after the music master to Kumarasen
(D) She was thrilled to be living in luxury
(E) None of these


3. What task was entrusted to the girl by the Queen ?
(A) Seeing that her daughter reached Kambhoj safely
(B) Entertaining the princess on her journey to Kambhoj
(C) Protecting the princess and reporting to the queen if she was unhappy
(D) Ensuring the princess' happiness
(E) None of these


4. What was the master's reaction to the girl's decision to marry his disciple ?
(A) He was upset and cried
(B) He promised to give his permission if the couple sang well together
(C) He was sad because she would be going to Kambhoj which was far away
(D) He was pleased with her choice of husband
(E) None of these


5. Which of the following is not true in the context of the passage ?
(1) The girl was leaving the master and going to Kambhoj once she was married.
(2) The king sent for the girl because she was a good singer.
(3) The master did not let the girl study any other subject except music.
(A) Only (1)
(B) Both (1) and (2)
(C) All (1), (2) and (3)
(D) Both (1) and (3)
(E) None of these


6. Why was the princess going on a journey ?
(1) She was going to her prospective husband's home to get engaged.
(2) Her parents wanted her to visit the kingdom of which she would be the future queen.
(3) To take expensive gifts for the rulers of the Kambhoj who were well known to her parents.
(A) None
(B) Only (2)
(C) Only (1)
(D) Both (1) and (2)
(E) Both (2) and (3)


7. Why was the master afraid ?
(A) He felt the princess would treat the young girl unkindly
(B) He would be all alone after the girl's marriage
(C) The girl may not be able to adapt to her new home
(D) He was slowly going blind.
(E) None of these


Directions—(Q. 8–9) Choose the word which is MOST NEARLY the SAME in MEANING as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
8. fortunate
(A) rich
(B) liked
(C) happy
(D) successful
(E) lucky


9. raised
(A) nurtured
(B) lifted
(C) grew
(D) built
(E) high


10. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word Collective as used in the
passage—
(A) alone
(B) separately
(C) united
(D) partial
(E) single


Directions—(Q. 11–15) Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (E). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
11. In present the (A)/ prices of food grains (B)/ are high all (C)/ over the world. (D) No error (E)


12. Majority of the banks (A)/ today uses technology (B)/ to reach out to those (C)/living in rural areas. (D) No error (E)


13. I will give (A)/ you the advance (B)/ if you repay it as (C)/ soon as possibly. (D) No error (E)


14. Though he is very (A)/ wealthy and powerful (B)/ he has any (C)/ concern for the poor. (D) No error (E)


15. Mala has the (A)/ ability t o handle (B)/ many tasks at (C)/ the same time. (D) No error (E)


Directions—(Q. 16–20) Which of the phrases (A), (B), (C) and (D) given below should replace the phrases given in bold in the following sentences to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct. If the sentence is correct as it is and No correction is required, mark (E) as the answer.
16. Finding himself in financial difficulty, he came forward me for help and advice—
(A) came across
(B) is come upto
(C) came to
(D) comes with
(E) No correction required


17. Deepak having been over eighteen years of age, is entitled to vote—
(A) has been of
(B) being over
(C) who is having over
(D) who is been
(E) No correction required


18. The magazine that we subscribe to is published monthly—
(A) which is subscribed
(B) we are subscribed
(C) whom we subscribe
(D) whichever we subscribe
(E) No correction required


19. Among of his many good qualities, that I remember is his honesty—
(A) All of his
(B) Some of the
(C) Only of his
(D) One of his
(E) No correction required


20. Many of our clients have deposit of this foreign bank—
(A) have deposits in
(B) had deposited
(C) with deposits
(D) have deposited
(E) No correction required


Directions—(Q. 21–25) Rearrange the following six sentences (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them.
(1) The sailor was told it was placed there as warning signal to sailors to warn them of the danger.
(2) He returned to the spot a few years later as captain of his own ship.
(3) The ship was at sea for many days and finally anchored near the coastline.
(4) The night was stormy and without a warning signal his ship was wrecked on that very rock.
(5) One of the sailors on board saw a bell tied to a dangerous submerged rock.
(6) As a joke the sailor decided to steal the bell and hide it despite being informed of this.
21. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) (1)
(B) (2)
(C) (3)
(D) (4)
(E) (5)


22. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) (1)
(B) (2)
(C) (3)
(D) (4)
(E) (5)


23. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) (1)
(B) (2)
(C) (3)
(D) (4)
(E) (5)


24. Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) (1)
(B) (2)
(C) (3)
(D) (4)
(E) (5)


25. Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) (1)
(B) (2)
(C) (3)
(D) (4)
(E) (5)


Directions—(Q. 26–30) In each question below a sentence with four words printed in bold type is given. These are lettered as (A), (B), (C) and (D). One of these four words printed in bold may be either
wrongly spelt or inappropriate in the context of the sentence. Find out the word, which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate, if any. The letter of that word is your answer. If all the words printed in bold are correctly spelt and also appropriate in the context of the sentence, mark (E) i.e. ‘All Correct’ as your
answer.
26. We have incurred (A) an expense (B) of over fifty thousands (C) this year alone. (D) All correct (E)


27. World Earth Day is celeberated (A) as a means (B) to make people aware (C) about the environment. (D) All correct (E)


28. The key issue (A) discused (B) at the meeting was how to resolve (C) the food crisis. (D) All correct (E)


29. He deserves (A) some recognition (B) for working diligently (C) for the passed (D) five years. All correct (E)


30. There are many employment (A) opportunities (B) for fresh graduates (C) in the market (D) today. All correct (E)


Directions—(Q. 31–40) In the following passage there are blanks each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each five words are suggested one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. I had …(31)… to become a multipurpose manager. I took three steps to accomplish this. First, I took very …(32)… part in professional associations. I …(33)… the National President of the Indian Society
for Training and Development–one of the …(34)… organizations for HR professionals. This helped me to grow professionally. My communication skills …(35)…. It also taught me …(36)… to conduct meetings in an effective manner. My job …(37)… me to different parts of the country and I …(38)… believe that …(39)… provided me with an education. I also wrote a lot. Newspaper editors often
approached me with …(40)… to write articles for their publications.
31. (A) achieved
(B) aim
(C) try
(D) dreamed
(E) wanted


32. (A) selected
(B) active
(C) interesting
(D) often
(E) joint


33. (A) elected
(B) voted
(C) became
(D) applied
(E) decided


34. (A) respected
(B) status
(C) impressed
(D) aged
(E) common


35. (A) lacked
(B) grown
(C) learnt
(D) improved
(E) earned


36. (A) that
(B) why
(C) how
(D) never
(E) anyhow


37. (A) saw
(B) showed
(C) posted
(D) discovered
(E) took


38. (A) quiet
(B) firmly
(C) strong
(D) first
(E) not


39. (A) travelling
(B) journey
(C) visit
(D) migrating
(E) shift


40. (A) wish
(B) offer
(C) appointments
(D) requests
(E) commands


Wednesday, 14 March 2012

ENGLISH PRACTICE TEST-4 ( PREVIOUS SBI PAPER) FOR IBPS BANK EXAM

Directions (Questions 1 to 10) : Read the list of words given below and choose from the options the word that is the nearest in meaning to the given word
1. Exiguous
a) tall
b) large
c) wide
d) scanty
e) broad


2. Recreancy
a) recreation
b) recuperation
c) bravery
d) cowardice
e) obstinate


3. Proscribe
a) to nominate
b) to be supportive of
c) to give early warning signals
d) outlaw
e) none of these


4. Ingest
a) enrage
b) invigorate
c) to absorb
d) burn up completely
e) to stir up


5. Monticule
a) a small river
b) a small hut
c) a lane
d) a small hill
e) a small plane


6. Compendious
a) comprehensive
b) illustrative
c) unbearable
d) elaborate
e) none of the above


7. Nadir
a) asylum
b) heaven
c) depth
d) nebulous
e) none of the above


8. Somnambulistic
a) sleepwalking
b) ghost dancing
c) women group activity
d) colourful scenario
e) over-eating


9. primordial
a) feeling of elation
b) original
c) elementary
d) daunting
e) none of the above


10. Somber
a) Causing sleep
b) Squalid
c) Gloomy
d) Complacent
e) Malicious


Directions (Question 11 to 20): Against each key word are given by alternative meanings. Choose the one that is the opposite in meaning to the given word.
11. Sanctimonious
a) holy
b) Realistic
c) Humble
d) Callous
e) Pessimistic


12. Munificent
a) Miserly
b) Faulty
c) Perplexing
d) Rudimentary
e) Grandiose


13. Opaque
a) Vague
b) Firm
c) Transparent
d) Poor
e) None of the above


14. Restive
a) Unrestrained
b) Communicate
c) Peaceful
d) Quarrel
e) Disturbing


15. Catapult
a) Reach great heights
b) Downfall
c) Caterpillar
d) Gaining
e) Losing


16. Enigmatic
a) Industrious
b) Mysterious
c) Enthusiastic
d) Straightforward
e) Sincere


17. Traipse
a) Walk
b) Stroll
c) Crawl
d) Run
e) None of the above


18. Piquant
a) Jovial
b) Merry
c) Blunt
d) Rigorous
e) Shocking


19. Bigoted
a) Dignified
b) Tolerant
c) wide
d) Contrite
e) Sincere


20. Obliquity
a) Thin
b) Frank
c) Self-righteous
d) Depreciation
e) Conformity



Directions (Question 21 to 25): In each of the following questions, a part of the sentence is given in bold letters. Five alternative meanings of the bold part of the sentence are given below. Choose the correct one.
21. The soldiers had been shut up for a long time; they painted the town red when they were let out.
a) ran about wildly trying to kill people
b) decided to shun fighting and shedding blood
c) caused disturbance in the town by noisy merry-making
d) were asked to be ready for any emergency
e) were advised not to incur troubles by thoughtless actions.


22. John used very ugly words against his kind uncle; he threw down the gauntlet before him.
a) he behaved as if he was a very great and important person
b) he put several conditions for negotiations
c) he abused and insulted uncle̢۪s son
d) he showed his readiness to leave the place
e) he threw the challenge


24. I am reasonably sure that all his schemes will end in smoke.
a) will produce good results
b) bear no fruits
c) benefit the poor and the downtrodden
d) motivate the employees to produce more
e) be severely criticized by the public


25. The dacoits took to their heels when the police arrived.
a) took shelter in the thick jungle
b) opened indiscriminate fire
c) took to flight
d) unconditionally challenged
e) renewed their resolve to fight


Tuesday, 13 March 2012

ENGLISH PRACTICE TEST-3 ( PREVIOUS SBI PAPER) FOR IBPS BANK EXAM

Directions (Qs. 1 - 5) : Rearrange the
following six sentences I, II, III, IV, V and VI in proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph. Then answer the questions given below them.
I. We were interested by contrast in
understanding what lessons actual teams and non-teams had for others to choose to struggle with change andperformance.
II. Still, we suspected that most of these focused on persuading readers that ?terms are important?.
III. After all we thought teams are a well-known subject and there must be a thousand books on the subject already.
IV. By going down this path we hope to discover something to say that was different from most books on thesubject.
V. We approached the idea of a book on teams cautiously.
VI. Alternatively they focused on providing you to advise on building teams as an objective in it self.

1. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence?
(a) I
(b) II
(c) VI
(d) III
(e) IV


2. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence ?
(a) V
(b) I
(c) II
(d) III
(e) IV


3. Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence ?
(a) V
(b) III
(c) II
(d) VI
(e) IV


4. Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence ?
(a) III
(b) IV
(c) II
(d) VI
(e) I


5. Which of the following will be the LAST sentence ?
(a) III
(b) IV
(c) V
(d) VI
(e) II


Directions (Qs. 6 - 10) : In each sentence below four words have been printed in bold type, which are numbered (A), (B), (C), (D). One of these words may be either wrongly spelt or inappropriate in the context of the sentence. The number of that word is the answer. If all the four words are spelt correctly, the answer is (E), i.e., all correct.

6. He had experienced (a) / a purposefully (b) / discussion (c) / on topics of our interest. (d) / All correct (e)


7. To solve a (a) / problem, one needs to have (b) / intelligent and firm (c) / determination. (d) / All correct (e)


8. Many legends (a) / superstions endow the moon with (b) / a beauty and mistery which will (c) / linger for countless years. (d) / All correct (e)


9. People in our country are distressed (a) / by the spate of strikes, an almost (b) / perpetual go-slow and
(c) / increadibly low productivity. (d) / All correct (e)


10. The faces of the (a) / twins were so (b) / identical that we could not (c) / differentiate between them. (d) / All correct (e)


Directions (Qs. 11 - 15) : In each of the following questions five words are given, which are numbered I, II, III, IV and V. By using all the five words, each only once, you have to frame a meaningful and grammatically correct sentence. The correct order of the words is the answer. Choose from the five alternatives the one having the correct order of words and mark it as your answer on the answer sheet.

11. I. interested II. in III. children IV. are V. games
(a) III, IV, I, II, V
(b) V, IV, I, II, III
(c) III, IV, V, I, II
(d) III, V, IV, I, II
(e) III, IV, II, V, I


12. I. was II. to III. he VI. go V. ready
(a) III, I, II, IV, V
(b) I, III, IV, II, V
(c) III, IV, II, V, I
(d) I, II, IV, III, V
(e) III, I, V, II, IV


13. I. found II. lost III. his IV. book V. we
(a) V, II, III, I, IV
(b) III, IV, II, V, I
(c) V, I, III, II, IV
(d) V, II, III, IV, I
(e) III, IV, V, II, I


14. I. of II. he III. proud IV. me V. was
(a) V, II, IV, I, III
(b) II, V, IV, I, III
(c) IV, V, III, I, II
(d) II, V, III, I, IV
(e) II, III, V, I, IV


15. I. decision II. happy III. made IV. your V. me
(a) IV, III, V, II, I
(b) IV, I, III, V, II
(c) II, I, III, V, IV
(d) IV, I, V, III, II
(e) II, III, V, IV, I


Directions (Qs. 16 - 20) : In the following questions, five words are given out of which only one is
mis-spelt. Find that mis-spelt word and indicate it in the Answer Sheet.

16. (a) combination
(b) exageration
(c) hallucination
(d) admonition
(e) clinical


17. (a) sacrosanct
(b) sacrelege
(c) sacred
(d) sacrament
(e) segment


18. (a) allitration
(b) allowance
(c) almighty
(d) almanac
(e) illicit


19. (a) idiosyncrasy
(b) idealise
(c) idiosy
(d) ideology
(e) ieonoclass


20. (a) jaundise
(b) jasmine
(c) jevelin
(d) jarving
(e) judgement


Directions (Qs. 21-30) : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Certain words/phrases in the passage are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. Nature is an infinite source of beauty. Sunrise and sunset, mountains and rivers, lakes and glaciers,
forests and fields provide joy and bliss to the human mind and heart for hours together. Everything in nature is splendid and divine. Everyday and every season of the year has a peculiar beauty to unfold. Only one should have eyes to behold it and a heart to feel it like the English poet William Wordsworth who after seeing daffodils said: ?And then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils?.
Nature is a great teacher. The early man was thrilled with beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn the lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is however, a cry to go back to village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to provide enough number of natural scenic spots in town planning. To develop a balanced personality, one needs to have a healthy attitude which can make us appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature. There is other balm to soothe our tired soul and listless mind than the infinite nature all around us. We should enjoy it fully to lead a balanced and harmonious life, full of peace and tranquility.

21. Which of the following words has the SAME meaning as the word care as used in the passage ?
(a) grief
(b) want
(c) needs
(d) pleasure
(e) prejudices


22. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word unfold as used in the passage.
(a) declare
(b) conceal
(c) describe
(d) perpetuate
(e) evolve


23. Which of the following statements is not made in the passage about Nature?
(a) Nature is an infinite source of beauty
(b) Everything in nature is splendid and divine
(c) Nature is a great teacher
(d) The Aryans worshipped Nature
(e) The early man was scared of Nature


24. What is needed to develop balanced personality?
(a) interpersonal skills
(b) reading poetry
(c) healthy attitude
(d) going back to villages
(e) None of these


25. Why do people not enjoy the beauty of Nature ?
(a) They are running after material pleasures
(b) They do not consider nature as balm to soothe their fired minds
(c) Their life is full of worries and tensions
(d) They are afraid of nature
(e) None of these


26. What should we do to enjoy tranquil life ?
(a) Get totally immersed in our daily routine
(b) Believe that nature is infinite source of beauty
(c) Lead a disciplined and dedicated life
(d) Enjoy the nature around us
(e) Form a habit of daily physical exercise


27. What are the town planners doing today?
(a) Providing facilities for enjoying nature
(b) Establishing balance between concrete and artificial jungle of cities
(c) Supporting the cry to go back to villages
(d) Making efforts to inculcate healthy attitude among people
(e) None of these


28. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word listless as used in the passage
(a) active
(b) progressive
(c) backward
(d) hidden
(e) impure


29. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word soothe as used in the passage ?
(a) stabilize
(b) excite
(c) propagate
(d) nature
(e) strengthen


30. According to the author of the passage, Nature
(a) is the ultimate salvation of man
(b) is the creator of this universe
(c) brings uniformity in all seasons
(d) maintains homeostasis in human beings
(e) is abundantly glorious and divine

Thursday, 23 February 2012

ENGLISH PRACTICE TEST-2 ( PREVIOUS SBI PAPER)

Directions (Qs. 1 to 10) : In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against
each, five words are suggested, one of which fills the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Fourteen centuries ago when the world was much younger, the ruler of all India, Rajah Balhait, was ??..(151) about his people. A new game of dice, called
hard, had ???(152) the imagination of his subjects, teaching them that chance alone-a-roll of the dice guided the ???(153) of men. All who played this game of fortune lost their ???(155) in the virtues of courage, prudence,
wisdom and hope. It bred a fatalism that was ???(155) the spirit of the kingdom.
Raja Balhait commissioned Sissa, an intelligent courter at his court to find an answer to this ???(156) After much ???(157) the clever Sissa invented another game. Chaturanga, the exact ???(158) of hard, in
which the four elements of the Indian army were the key pleces. In the game these pieces-chariots, horses, elephants and foot soldiers-joined with a royal counselor to defend their king and defeat the enemy. Forceful ???
(159) was demanded of the players?not luck. Chaturanga soon became more popular than hard, and the ???(160) to the Kingdom was over.

1. (a) concerned
(b) confident
(c) ignorant
(d) indifferent
(e) partisan


2. (a) propelled
(b) enshrined
(c) captured
(d) activated
(e) enhanced
Ans: ( c ) captured


3. (a) communities
(b) ways
(c) abnormalities
(d) destiny
(e) groups


4. (a) bravado
(b) interest
(c) peace
(d) wealth
(e) faith


5. (a) appalling
(b) crushing
(c) moistening
(d) promoting
(e) overwhelming


6. (a) apprehension
(b) risk
(c) problem
(d) game
(e) destiny


7. (a) deliberation
(b) absorption
(c) insight
(d) hesitation
(e) reluctance


8. (a) nature
(b) equivalent
(c) picture
(d) opposite
(e) replica


9. (a) prediction
(b) concentration
(c) manipulation
(d) attack
(e) fortune


10. (a) devastation
(b) anxiety
(c) impeachment
(d) nuisance
(e) threat


Directions (Qs. 11-15) : Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is not
error, the answer is ?E?. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any)
11. If your don?t (a) / understand any of these words
(b) / you could (c) / always refer a dictionary. (d) / No
error (e)


12. Tea is so hot (a) / that she (b) / can (c) / take
it. (d) / No error (e)


13. The teacher said (a) / that the earth (b) / moves
round (c) / the sun. (d) / No error (e)


14. He told to me (a) / that he (b) / was going away
(c) / the next day. (d) / No error (e)


15. The lecturer says (a) / that Solomon won the
respect (b) / of all races and (c) / classes by his
justice. (d) / No error (e)


Directions (Qs. 16-20) : In each of the following questions, select the most appropriate word from among the five words given below the sentence to fill in
the blanks in the sentence so as to complete it meaningfully.
16. Sunil was ???asleep and could not be easily
awakened.
(a) high
(b) fast
(c) severe
(d) total
(e) has


17. The vehicle did not come to a sudden halt since he
braked ???
(a) immediately
(b) silently
(c) gently
(d) completely
(e) detected


18. I saw him going escorted ??? two policemen.
(a) with
(b) against
(c) by
(d) on
(e) for


19. Madhav is a sick man and has to be taken to the
doctor ???
(a) usually
(b) timely
(c) seldom
(d) frequently
(e) avoided


20. The child was left in the servants ???
(a) care
(b) duty
(c) work
(d) help
(e) innocence

Sunday, 19 February 2012

ENGLISH PRACTICE TEST-1 ( PREVIOUS SBI PAPER)

Direction (1 – 5) : In the following passage, the first and the last parts of the sentence are numbered 1 and 6. The rest of the sentence is split into four parts and named, P, Q, R and S. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the parts and find out which of the four combinations is correct. Then find the correct answer and blacken the appropriate rectangle in the Answer Sheet.
Q.1) 1. Making ourselves
P. our language
Q. part of growing into
R. masters of
S. is an important
6. full manhood or womanhood
(1) PSRQ (2) SQPR
(3) RPSQ (4) PRSQ


Q.2) 1. The very first battle they fought
P. and they had to fall back
Q. cross the border
R. was lost
S. letting the enemy
6. an enter the country
(1) RQSP (2) RPSQ
(3) QRPS (4) QPRS


Q.3) 1. A nation
P. the material assets it possesses
Q. is not made by
R. and collective determination
S. but by the will
6. of the people
(1) PQRS (2) QPSR
(3) RSPQ (4) SRPQ


Q.4) 1. When the Governor
P. the bell had rung
Q. justice should be immediately
R. he ordered that
S. found out why
6. done to the horse
(1) RSPQ (2) PQSR
(3) SPRQ (4) SQRP


Q.5) 1. When you ponder over
P. that the only hope
Q. you will realize
R. of world peace lies
S. the question deeply
6. in the United Nations
(1) QRSP (2) SPQR
(3) SQPR (4) RSPQ


Direction (6 – 15) : In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage over
and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Mark your
answer in the Answer Sheet.
The language problem is not solved by deciding the medium of instruction in the education institutions. The
problem is 81.
between State Governments still 82. At present, each State Government is 83 the process of 84 the 85 language
as the medium for 86 purposes. Then the need for a stable language for 87 communication 88. Moreover, the
Central Government shall 89 adopt a particular language for 90 own official work.
Q.6)
(1) communication (2) information
(3) intimation (4) decision


Q.7)
(1) stays (2) remains
(3) resides (4) rests


Q.8)
(1) into (2) through
(3) with (4) in


Q.9)
(1) adapting (2) imposing
(3) thrusting (4) adopting


Q.10)
(1) local (2) mother
(3) regional (4) foreign


Q.11)
(1) governmental (2) officious
(3) administrative (4) religious


Q.12)
(1) inter-state (2) regional
(3) international (4) intra-state


Q.13)
(1) come up (2) rises
(3) crops up (4) persists


Q.14)
(1) having to (2) have to
(3) had been (4) have been


Q.15)
(1) its (2) their
(3) our (4) his



Direction (16 – 25) : In the following passage, you have two brief passage with 5 questions following each
passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives
and blacken the appropriate rectangles in the Answer-sheet.
Passage - I
“The Law is an ass’, declared Mr. Bumble in “Oliver Twist”, and it often seems he was right. For punishment
does not always fit the crime and it rarely happens that a prison term reforms a criminal.”
Consider the following tow cases. The first one had happened in a village in Madural District. One Gopal One
Gopal Yadhav, a hard-core criminal undergoing life sentence in the Madural Prison came out on ball for two
days to perform the last rites of his mother. But he was rearrested on the same evening on the charges of
murdering his neighbour’s son the settle old scores.
The second case too came to Madural Court recently. Deserted by her husband a drunkard, his grief-stricken
wife mixed rate poison in the food and gave it to her four children aged between 1 ½ and 9 years. Before she
could swallow the same food she was unable to bear the pritiable sight of her children writhing in pain. She
rushed them to hospital where she disclosed everything. She was able to save the lives of the first three
children, but the law of the country awarded her tow years imprisonment (later commuted to one year) on the
charges of plotting to kill her children. Would you say women like here are a danger to the society? Would you
call them criminal? It is high time that we found other ways of registering our disapproval of wrong doing. To
imprison the bad is expedient – when they are dangerous. To imprison the mad and the merely sad, as we do, is
not only unnecessary, it is uncivilized.
Q.16) The writer says ‘The Law is an ass’ because
(1) it is as patient as an ass
(2) it does not punish the criminals severely
(3) punishments do not help to reform criminals
(4) criminals can escape punishment.


Q.17) Gopal Yadhav came out on ball
(1) in order to murder his enemy
(2) to cremate his mother
(3) so that he could be rearrested
(4) to see his four children undergoing treatment in the hospital


Q.18) The mother in the second case cannot be called a criminal because she
(1) rushed her children to the hospital
(2) mixed an ineffective poison in the food
(3) was able to save three out of four children
(4) was deserted by her husband.


Q.19) The writer argues that punishments for people like the woman in the second case are not necessary
because they
(1) don’t commit crimes frequently
(2) are less dangerous than other criminals
(3) represent poor society
(4) should not be clubbed with other criminals


Q.20) The main difference between the two case is
(1) the first is about a man and the other is about a woman
(2) the woman regrets what she has done, but not the man
(3) the man is a lifer but the woman is not
(4) the man and the woman belong to different communities


Passage - II
The United Nations Fourth World Women’s Conference had a colourful start at Beijing on September 4th. This
is the century’s most crucial conference which aimed at changing the status quo of women’s lives
characterized by inequality.
In a preliminary session, Ms. Aung Suu Kyi, the Nobel Peace Prize winner said that expanding women’s
power will bring greater peace and tolerance to the world.
“It is not the prerogative of men alone to bring light to this world. Women with their capacity for compassion
and self-sacrifice, with their courage and perseverance have done much to dissipate the darkness of intolerance
and hate”, said Ms. Suu Kyi.
In the afternoon session Ms. Ayako Yamaguchi, a Japanese delegate, launched a petition against beauty
pageants. “What right do men have to evaluate women in a few minutes? All women are beautiful. Beauty is
something different for everyone”, Ms Ayako Yamaguchi said.
“Beauty contests are used as trade and exploitation. The training is very vigorous but it is the organizers, not
the women, who get the full benefit”, said Ms Ranjana Bhargava. “After the competition, the women become
trapped and the abuse and the bad things begin. The women are tainted no one else will accept them”.
Q.21) The Women’s World Conference was very important because
(1) Ms Aung Suu Kyi has just been awarded the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize
(2) Ms Aung Suu Kyi was taking part in the Conference
(3) its main purpose was to change inequalities between men and women
(4) it was to protest against beauty contests


Q.22) Which of the following arguments of Ms Aung Suu Kyi is not true?
(1) Women also can bring greater peace to the world.
(2) Men cannot claim they have done more for peace.
(3) Women have the capacity for compassion and sacrifice.
(4) Men have done nothing to dissipate ignorance.


Q.23) The main emphasis in Ms. Ayako Yamaguchi’s argument is
(1) men have no right to judge women.
(2) men should be given more time to evaluate women.
(3) all women are beautiful in a way.
(4) beauty contests are not necessary.


Q.24) “Beauty is something different for everyone”.
This statement means
(1) beauty is certainly different from ugliness.
(2) beautiful women do not mingle with other women.
(3) beauty cannot be defined adequately.
(4) each woman is beautiful.


Q.25) “Colourful start” in the first sentence refers to
(1) participants who were all beautiful
(2) a lot of excitement and cheerfulness in the conference hall
(3) absence of black coloured girls
(4) flags of various colours outside the conference hall

Wednesday, 9 November 2011

English practice set -1

Rearrange the following six sentences (1),(2) (3)(4),(5) and (6) in the proper sequence to form a meaningfull paragraph , then answer these questions.
(1) We were interested by contrast in understanding what lessons actual teams and non-teams had for others to choose to struggle with change and performance.
(2) Still, we suspected that most of these focused on persuading readers that “teams are important”.
(3) After all we thought teams are a well- known subject and there must be a thousand books on the subject already.
(4) By going down this path we hope to discover something to say that was different from most books on the subject.
(5) We approached the idea of a book on teams continuously .
(6) Alternatively they focussed on providing you to advise on building teams as an objective in itself.

Q1) Which of the following will be the SECOND Sentence ?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 5
e) 3

Q2) Which of the following will be the FIRST Sentence ?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5

Q3) Which of the following will be the Third Sentence ?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 6

Q4) Which of the following will be the FIFTH Sentence ?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 6

Q5) Which of the following will be the LAST Sentence ?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
e) 2


In each of these questions , a sequence is given and a part of it is printed in bold type, below wach sentence , there are five words/Groups of words. Find out which of the following can substitute the part of the sentence printed in bold Type

Q6) He loses his temper even with the slightest provocation .
a) Casual approach
b) Insignificant stimulus
c) Lowest Care
d) Most important reason
e) Least significant opportunity

Q7) He frequently goes back on his words.
a) Repeats his words
b) Confuses others
c) Stumbles
d) Indulges into slips of tongue
e) Breaks his promises

Q8) It was not clear as to what he was hinting at.
a) Cricising
b) Hitting hard
c) Concluding
d) Suggesting
e) Inferring

Q9) He turned into a bankrupt person as he was leading a life beyond his means.
a) Of a miserly person
b) In an extravagant person
c) Of a meaningless person
d) In a mean way
e) Without any precaution

Q10) He is an idle person and the same remark about him applies to you also.
a) Is a bad sign for*
b) Is applealing to
c) Holds good for
d) Is interesting to
e) Brings pleasure to


Friday, 9 September 2011

English Antonyms Solved Exam Paper


Directions (For the 17 items which follows): Each of the following 17 items consists of a word in capital letters, followed by four words or group of words. Select the word or group of words that is furthest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

1. PROCRASTINATE
(a) To be prompt
 
(b) To adudicate
(c) To teach
 
(d) To help others
2. PROCLIVITY
(a) Speed
 
(b) Weakness
(c) Disgust
 
(d) Disinclination
3. OUTLANDISH
(a) Modern
 
(b) Moderate
(c) Disrespectful
 
(d) Coward
4. SUPPLICATE
(a) Short of supply
 
(b) To be arrogant
(c) To be tolerant
 
(d) To fall on lean days
5. TERSE
(a) Detailed
 
(b) Nasty
(c) Advanced
 
(d) Impure
6. CELERITY
(a) Lack of wisdom
 
(b) Silence
(c) Victory
 
(d) Sluggishness
7. LUCID
(a) Lacking resources
 
(b) Lacking vitality
(c) Lacking clarity
 
(d) Lacking comfort
8. ASSIDUOUSLY
(a) Casually
 
(b) Tirelessly
(c) Without fear
 
(d) Hopeless

9. INTREPID
(a) Honest
 
(b) Sick
(c) Timid
 
(d) Ugly
10. CHOLERIC
(a) Affluent
 
(b) Brave
(c) Pleasant
 
(d) Tired
11. SPASMODIC
(a) III-humoured
 
(b) Ancient
(c) Regular
 
(d) Tireless
12. TRANSGRESS
(a) To ramain within acceptable limits
 
(b) To observe from a distance
(c) To learn a new language
 
(d) To go to a foreign country
13. PIFFLING
(a) Annoying
 
(b) Vast amount
(c) Unnatural
(d) Lying at a great height
14. CHAFE
(a) To remain patient
(b) To get medically examined
(c) To succeed in an examination
(d) To get reprimand
15. EXCRUCIATING
(a) Mild
 
(b) Noisy
(c) Sophisticated
 
(d) Modern
16. PUERILE
(a) Inquisitive
 
(b) Matured
(c) Impure
 
(d) Original




17. GRUMPY
(a) High-headed
 
(b) Influential
(c) Cheerful
 
(d) Affluent
ANSWERS: 1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (c)