STATEMENT - ASSUMPTIONS

FORMAT OF THE PROBLEM
Directions : In each question below a statement (or a passage) is followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken in for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and then decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Give answer:
(a) if only assumption I is implicit.
(b) if only assumption II is implicit.
(c) if either assumption I or assumption
II is implicit.
(d) if neither of the assumptions is
implicit.
(e) if both the assumptions are implicit.
Eg. Statement: Read the study material
prepared by XYZ to get a high score in the exam.
ASSUMPTIONS :
I. Study material prepared by XYZ is of good
quality.
II. Getting a high score in the exam is
desirable.
ASSUMPTION
An assumption is something which is assumed, supposed and taken for granted. When someone says something he may not put every aspect of his idea into words. That which is left unsaid or taken for granted is called an assumption.
IMPLICATION
Implication is something which is implied. It is the hidden meaning of the statement. Sometimes implications are also taken as assumptions.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ASSUMPTION AND
IMPLICATION
An assumption is something on which the statement is based, while implication is something which is derived from and therefore based upon the statement. While doing problems on statementassumption one should read each statement very carefully and whenever find anything presupposed or taken for granted, immediately notice it. Misreading of some facts leads to incorrect answer. So while reading one should be conscious about words because sometimes a single word's presence or absence changes
the entire meaning of a sentence.
Points to be remembered while evaluating
assumptions :
The use of definite words may lend a different tone to a statement. So one should be careful about them. For example some key words like 'only', 'best', 'strongest', 'all', 'definitely', 'certainly' etc. impact a kind of exclusiveness to the sentence and thus reduce its range.
Ex : Statement : You should use computers to increase the efficiency of your office.
I. Only the use of computers can increase the efficiency of office.
II. The use of computers can increase the efficiency of the office.
Assumption II is a valid one but I is not valid. In the statement it is suggested that computers may be used to increase the efficiency but it is not said that only computers can increase the efficiency. It is only one of the methods by which the efficiency can be increased.
1) When two suggestions / events / facts,
A and B are connected by the conjuction,
a) A because / as a result of B
Assumption - B leads to A
b) A therefore / hence B
Assumption - A leads to B
c) A even after / inspite of / despite B
Assumption - Usually A does not occur
when B occurs.
Ex: The house was robbed inspite of the tight security in that area.

2) Whenever you come across a connotative or connotive phrases note that,
a) "It is true that" can be expressed as
i) It would be correct to say that....
ii) Even the most sceptic men would agree that......
iii) It can be claimed with reasonable degree of truth that.....
b) It is false can be expressed as
i) It is highly misleading to say that.....
ii) Nothing could be farther from the truth that....
iii) It is baseless to say that.....

3) If the statement tells about the existence of something the assumption should be that it does exists. If it is said that something is absent, the assumption should be that it not exists.
Statement :The increase in the improved number of educated women.
Assumption : There are educated women in the society.
4) If an adjective is attached (unconditionally) to any subject, it must be assumed that the subject, does havethe quality.
Ex. Statement : The talkative nature of Sheela attracted everybody's attention. Valid assumption: Sheela is talkative.
5) Suppose a fact / report / observation / study / data 'A' followed by a suggested course of action B is given. If some negative aspect of A is mentioned,The valid assumptions can be
i) A needs improvement.
ii) The negative aspects of A are undesirable
iii) B will improve A
iv) The advantages of adopting B far outweigh the disadvantages of net adapting it.
6) Advertisements / notices / appeals Statements in the form of an advertisement or an official notice or a notice issued in the public interest or an appeal are often asked in the recent exams.
The following assumptions are valid in
these cases.
i) An advertisement / appeal / notice does have some effect.
ii) In the case of an advertisement, that which is being highlighted is looked forand expected by the people.
iii) In the case of a public - interest notice, it is the duty of those who issue it, to issue such notices.
iv) In case of a public interest notice, what is being advised must be beneficial for people and its non-practice harmful in
some way.
v) In case of an appeal, the reason for issuing it exists.
vi) In case of an official notice, the effect of its implementation will be beneficial for
the organisation.

TIPS FOR QUICK ANSWER


From the explanations given above you can find that there may be more than one valid assumption for a statement. In almost all cases they are not mutually exclusive. So if you find that both the assumptions are valid mark the answer 'both are implicit'. The answer choice "Either I or II is implicit" is to be marked only when one assumption excludes the other. This case occurs only very rarely. So be careful before
marking this choice. In questions with more than two
assumptions its combinations like I & II are
implicit, II & III are implicit, I & III are implicit etc. are given as answer choices. If you are sure that assumption III is not implicit you can eliminate answer choices which contains III thus
reducing the number of answer choices. Then select answer from the remaining choices.
You can keep in mind some typical
examples which will help you while answering questions in the examination.
If the given assumption is just contrary to the given statement or if it is not connected with the given statement then the assumption can be immediately rejected. In some cases the assumption is a restatement of the given
statement. The candidate should be careful in evaluating this type of assumptions.
Eg Statement : Small things are beautiful.
Invalid assumptions:
I. Big things are not beautiful.
II. Big things are ugly.
III. Small things are not beautiful.


Assumption III is just the contrary of what is given in the statement. More saying of small things are beautiful does not mean that big things are not beautiful or ugly. So assumptions I & II are not implicit.
Directions : In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions - numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.
Give answer (a) if only assumption I is
implicit; (b) If only assumption II is implicit; (c) If
either I or II is implicit; (d) if neither I nor II is
implicit and (e) if both I and II are implicit.
Solved Examples:
1. Statement : Read the study material prepared by XYZ to get a high score in the exam.
Assumptions :
I Study material prepared by XYZ is of good quality.
II Getting a high score in the exams is desirable.
Ans (e). Both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. It is said in the statement that the study material prepared by XYZ helps to get a high score, which means that the study material by XYZ is of good quality thus assumption I is implicit. Reading the study material is recommended to get a high score in the exam, that is getting a high score, in the exams is desirable. Hence II is also implicit.
2. Statement : This book is invested to guide the layman to study tailoring in the absence of a teacher.
Assumptions :
I. A teacher of tailoring may not be available to everyone.
II. Tailoring can be learnt with the help of a book.
Ans(e). Both the assumptions are implicit. The book is intended to teach in the absence of a teacher. From this we can enter that the absence of teacher is a possibility, thus assumption I is valid. Since the book is intended to teach tailoring, assumption II is also implicit.
3. Statement : Buy pure and natural pearls of company `X' - an advertisement.
Assumption :
I. Artificial pearls can be prepared.
II. People do not mind paying more for pure and natural pearls.
Ans (a). The advertisement tells that the pearls of company X is natural, this means that
artificial pearls may be available in the market. So assumption I is implicit. But the advertisement tells nothing about the price of the pearls. So II cannot be implicit.